410 is the basic, general purpose, hardenable martensitic stainless steel. It is used for highly stressed parts with good corrosion resistance and strength.
Applications:
- Cutlery and kitchen utensils
- Steam and gas turbine blades
- Fasteners
- Valve components
Specifications
The following specifications are generally applicable:
Sheets and Plates
- AMS 5504
- QQ-S-766
- ASTM A 176
- ASTM A 240
Bars
- AMS 5613
- QQ-S-763
- ASTM A 276
- ASTM A 479
Corrosion Resistance
Type 410 provides a good corrosion resistance to air, water and some chemicals. Its resistance to nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, dilute acetic acid and naphtha is satisfactory. It also provides good resistance to food acids.
Forgeability
Type 410 can be readily forged at 2300° F. Preheat steel to 1800° F for 2 hours, raise rapidly to 2300° F, soak for 4 to 6 hours, forge, slow cool.
410 Stainless Steel Heat Treatment
ANNEALING: Heat slowly to 1550-1650° F cool to 1100° F in furnace, air cool.
PROCESS ANNEALING: Heat to 1350-1450° F, air cool.
HARDENING: Heat to 1700-1800° F, oil quench. Follow by stress-relief or temper.
TEMPERING: Heat to 1100-1400°F for 1 to 4 hours, air cool.
| 410 Stainless Steel (annealed condition) | |
|---|---|
| Minimum Properties | |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength, psi | 65,000 |
| Yield Strength, psi | 30,000 |
| Elongation | 20 – 34% |
| Rockwell Hardness | B82 |
| Chemistry | |
| Iron (Fe) | 86% |
| Carbon (C) | 0.15% max |
| Chrome (Cr) | 12.5% |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1% max |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.04% max |
| Sulphur (S) | 0.03% |
| Martensitic: The characteristic orthorhombic martensite microstructure was first observed by German microscopist Adolf Martens around 1890. Martensitic steels are low carbon steels built around the Type 410 composition of iron, 12% chromium, and 0.12% carbon. They may be tempered and hardened. Martensite gives steel great hardness, but it also reduces its toughness and makes it brittle, so few steels are fully hardened. |
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